Table 1 Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) results for phenotypic root architectural traits of wheat under natural field-based control and drought stress environments. The plots under the rainout shelter were irrigated by a moveable overhead sprinkler which was adjusted to deliver 5 L/m2 of water per day. Drought stress was imposed by withholding water from tiller initiation to flowering stages, whereas control plots were under natural rainfed conditions
Traits and unit | Control | Drought | STI | H2 | Plasticity (%) | ANOVA | Plasticity | ||||||||||||
Min | Max | Mean | SD | CV | Min | Max | G | SD | CV | G | T | G×T | G | ||||||
TRL (cm) | 24.29 | 242.36 | 106.53 | 49.72 | 46.67 | 40.27 | 273.14 | 133.14 | 52.07 | 39.11 | 1.27 | 0.76 | 44.22 | *** | *** | *** | |||
RSA (cm2) | 6.52 | 77.59 | 32.01 | 16.37 | 51.12 | 5.35 | 58.56 | 25.64 | 11.54 | 45.00 | 0.84 | 0.87 | -0.86 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||
RAD (mm) | 0.51 | 1.38 | 0.94 | 0.18 | 18.95 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 0.61 | 0.13 | 22.28 | 0.65 | 0.70 | -34.30 | * | *** | *** | *** | ||
NRT (count) | 43.00 | 558.00 | 234.86 | 118.95 | 50.65 | 58.00 | 943.00 | 404.11 | 198.49 | 49.12 | 1.69 | 0.74 | 91.52 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||
NRF (count) | 90.00 | 1082.00 | 462.48 | 230.36 | 49.81 | 108.00 | 1460.00 | 603.31 | 313.70 | 52.00 | 1.28 | 0.76 | 52.27 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||
NRC (count) | 1.00 | 71.00 | 28.32 | 16.27 | 57.43 | 3.00 | 202.00 | 74.63 | 48.51 | 65.00 | 2.62 | 0.73 | 219.73 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||
RV (cm3) | 0.08 | 1.96 | 0.76 | 0.43 | 56.77 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 53.36 | 0.54 | 0.76 | -32.05 | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||